| Role of NOD-like receptor, caspase-1, and pyroptosis in clearance of Salmonella typhimurium |
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Zahid Manzoor, Young-Sang Koh |
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Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine and Brain Korea 21 Program, Jeju National University, Jeju, South Korea |
Correspondence:
Young-Sang Koh, Email: yskoh7@jejunu.ac.kr
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| Abstract |
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Innate immune system plays a critical role in early detection of pathogen and inflammation-associated diseases. Detection of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) by pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs) triggers the activation of inflammatory responses by the immune cells. Macrophage plays a critical role in innate immunity. Detection of pathogen by macrophages leads to activation of innate and adaptive immune response for neutralization and clearance of the pathogen. Salmonella typhimurium, an intracellular bacterium can infect and multiply in the cytosol of macrophages. NLR family CARD domain-containing protein 4 (NLRC4), a cytosolic PRR, has a vital role in detection of the infection. NLRC4 can detect flagellin of S. typhimurium which results in its clearance by pyroptosis. Clearance of S. typhimurium via pyroptosis is dependent on NLRC4- mediated activation of caspase-1, and independent of interleukin-1β(IL-1β) and IL-18. NLRC4 dependant activation of caspase-1 provides protection against a large number of translocated virulence factors. This method of innate immune detection permits the macrophage to discriminate virulent from avirulent bacteria. In this review we discuss that how S. typhimurium is detected and cleared by the innate immune system.
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| Key Words:
NOD-like receptor; caspase-1; pyroptosis; Salmonella typhimurium |
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