J Med Life Sci > Volume 21(3); 2024 > Article |
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Trial | ACCORD [6] | ADVANCE [7] | VADT [8] |
---|---|---|---|
Number of patients | 10,251 | 11,140 | 1,791 |
Age (years)* | 62 | 66 | 60 |
BMI (kg/m2)* | 32 | 28 | 31 |
Duration of diabetes (years)* | 10 | 8 | 11.5 |
History of CVD (%) | 35 | 32 | 40 |
HbA1c gols (%)† | <6.0 vs. 7.0-7.9 | <6.5 vs. Based on local guidelines | <6.0 (action if >6.5) vs. planned separation of 1.5 |
Baseline HbA1c (%) | 8.3 | 7.5 | 9.4 |
Achieved HbA1c (%)†,‡ | 6.4 vs. 7.5 | 6.5 vs. 7.3 | 6.9 vs. 8.4 |
Duration of follow-up (years)‡ | 3.5 | 5 | 5.6 |
CV events§ | 0.90 (0.78-1.04) | 0.94 (0.84-1.06) | 0.88 (0.74-1.05) |
All-cause mortality§ | 1.22 (1.01-1.46)∏ | 0.93 (0.83-1.06) | 1.07 (0.80-1.42) |
Agent | Saxagliptin | Alogliptin | Sitagliptin | Linagliptin | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Trial | SAVOR-TIMI 53 [12] | EXAMINE [13] | TECOS [14] | CARMELINA [15] | CAROLINA [16] |
Number of patients | 16,492 | 5,380 | 14,671 | 6,979 | 6,042 |
F/U (years) | 2.1 | 1.5 | 3.0 | 2.2 | 6.3 |
Events | 1,222 | 621 | 1,491 | 854 | 718 |
Prior CVD (%) | 78.6 | 100.0 | 74.0 | 57.0 | 42 |
eGFR | 72.6 | 71.2 | 74.9 | 54.6 | 76.5 vs. 77.0* |
3-P MACE | 1.00 (0.89-1.12) | 0.96 (≤1.16)† | 0.99 (0.89-1.10) | 1.02 (0.89-1.17) | 0.98 (0.84-1.14) |
HHF | 1.27 (1.07-1.51)‡ | 1.19 (0.90-1.58) | 1.00 (0.83-1.20) | 0.90 (0.74-1.08) | 1.21 (0.92-1.59) |
All-cause mortality | 1.11 (0.96-1.27) | 0.88 (0.71-1.09) | 1.01 (0.90-1.14) | 0.98 (0.84-1.13) | 0.91 (0.78-1.06) |
Renal outcome§ | 1.08 (0.88-1.32) | NA | NA | 0.98 (0.82-1.18) | NA |
F/U: follow-up, CVD: cardiovascular diseases, eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate, 3-P MACE: 3-point major adverse cardiovascular outcomes, HHF: hospitalization for heart failure, NA: not available.
Agent | Empagliflozin | Canagliflozin | Dapagliflozin | Ertugliflozin | Sotagliflozin | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Trial | EMPA-REG OUTCOME [23] | CANVAS [24] | CREDENCE [25] | DECLARE-TIMI58 [26] | VERTIS-CV [27] | SCORED [28] |
Number of patients | 7,020 | 10,142 | 4,401 | 17,160 | 8,246 | 19,188 |
F/U (years) | 3.1 | 2.4 | 2.6 | 4.2 | 3.0 | 1.3 |
Events | 772 | 1,011 | 486 | 1,559 | 939 | 701 |
Prior CVD (%) | >99 | 65.6 | 50.4 | 40.6 | 100 | 44.5 |
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 74.0 | 76.0 | 56.0 | 85.0 | 76 | NA |
3-P MACE* | 0.86 (0.74-0.99)† | 0.86 (0.75-0.97)† | 0.80 (0.67-0.95)† | 0.93 (0.84-1.03) | 0.97 (0.85-1.11) | 0.84 (0.72-0.99)† |
Non-fatal MI | 0.87 (0.70-1.09) | 0.90 (0.71-1.15) | NA | 1.01 (0.84-1.21) | 1.00 (0.76-1.32) | 0.68 (0.52-0.89)† |
Non-fatal stroke | 1.24 (0.92-1.67) | 0.85 (0.69-1.05) | NA | 0.89 (0.77-1.01) | 1.00 (0.86-1.27) | 0.66 (0.48-0.91)† |
CV death | 0.62 (0.49-0.77)† | 0.87 (0.72-1.06) | 0.78 (0.61-1.00) | 0.98 (0.82-1.17) | 0.92 (0.77-1.11) | 0.90 (0.73-1.12) |
HHF | 0.65 (0.50-0.85)† | 0.67 (0.52-0.87)† | 0.61 (0.47-0.80)† | 0.73 (0.61-0.88)† | 0.70 (0.54-0.90)† | 0.67 (0.55-0.82)† |
Renal composite outcome‡ | 0.54 (0.40-0.75)† | 0.60 (0.47-0.77)† | 0.70 (0.59-0.82)† | 0.53 (0.43-0.66)† | 0.81 (0.64-1.03) | 0.71 (0.46-1.08) |
F/U: follow-up, CVD: cardiovascular diseases, eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate, NA: not available, 3-P MACE: 3-point major adverse cardiovascular outcomes, MI: myocardial infarction, CV: cardiovascular, HHF: hospitalization for heart failure, ESRD: end-stage renal failure.
‡ The definition varies according to the trial. EMPA-REG OUTCOME, CANVAS, and DECLARE-TIMI 58, ≥40% decrease in eGFR to <60 mL/min/1.73 m2, ESRD, or death from renal cause; CREDENCE, doubling of serum creatinine level, end-stage kidney disease, renal death or CV death; VERTIS-CV, doubling of serum creatinine level, end-stage kidney disease, renal death; SCORED, ≥50% decrease in the eGFR from baseline for ≥30 days, long-term dialysis, renal transplantation, or sustained eGFR of <15 mL/min/1.73 m2 for ≥30 days.
Agent | Lixisenatide | Liraglutide | Semaglutide | Exenatide QW | Albigutide | Dulaglutide | Oral semaglutide | Efpeglenatide | ITCA 650 (exenatide) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Trial | ELIXA [29] | LEADER [33] | SUSTAIN 6 [32] | EXSCEL [37] | HARMONY [34] | REWIND [35] | PIONEER 6 [39] | AMPLITUDE-O [36] | FREEDOM-CVO [38] |
Number of patients | 6,068 | 9,340 | 3,297 | 14,752 | 9,463 | 9,622 | 3,183 | 4,076 | 4,156 |
F/U (years) | 2.1 | 3.8 | 2.1 | 3.2 | 1.6 | 5.4 | 1.3 | 1.8 | 1.3 |
Events | 805 | 1,302 | 254 | 1,744 | 766 | 1,257 | 137 | NA | NA |
Prior CVD (%) | 100 | 81 | 83 | 73 | 100 | 31.5 | 84.7 | 89.6 | 76.0 |
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 76 | ≤75 | ≤75 | 76 | 79 | 76.9 | 74.0 | 72.4 | NA |
3-P MACE* | 1.02 (0.89-1.17) | 0.87 (0.78-0.97)† | 0.74 (0.58-0.95)† | 0.91 (0.83-1.00) | 0.78 (0.68-0.90)† | 0.88 (0.79-0.99)† | 0.79 (0.57-1.11) | 0.73 (0.58-0.92)† | 1.24 (0.90-1.70) |
Non-fatal MI | 1.03 (0.87-1.22) | 0.88 (0.75-1.03) | 0.74 (0.51-1.08) | 0.97 (0.85-1.10) | 0.75 (0.61-0.90) | 0.96 (0.79-1.16) | 1.18 (0.73-1.90) | 0.78 (0.55-1.10) | 1.33 (0.82-2.17) |
Non-fatal stroke | 1.12 (0.79-1.58) | 0.89 (0.72-1.11) | 0.61 (0.38-0.99)† | 0.85 (0.70-1.03) | 0.86 (0.66-1.14) | 0.76 (0.61-0.95)† | 0.74 (0.35-1.57) | 0.74 (0.47-1.17) | 1.00 (0.56-1.79) |
CV death | 1.02 (0.89-1.17) | 0.87 (0.78-0.97)† | 0.74 (0.58-0.95)† | 0.91 (0·83-1.00) | 0.78 (0·68-0.90)† | 0.88 (0·79-0.99)† | 0.79 (0.57-1.11) | 0.72 (0.50-1.03) | 1.22 (0.70-2.12) |
HHF | 0.96 (0.75-1.23) | 0.87 (0.73-1.05) | 1.11 (0.77-1.61) | 0.94 (0.78-1.13) | 0.93 (0.82-1.04) | 0.93 (0.77-1.12) | 0.86 (0.48-1.55) | 0.61 (0.38-0.98)† | 0.95 (0.48-1.88) |
Renal composite outcome‡ | NA | 0.78 (0.67-0.92)† | 0.64 (0.46-0.88)† | 0.88 (0.76-1.01) | NA | 0.85 (0.77-0.93)† | NA | 0.68 (0.57-0.79)† | NA |
New-onset macroalbuminuria | 0.84 (0.68-1.02) | 0.74 (0.60-0.91)† | 0.54 (0.37-0.77)† | 0.87 (0.70-1.07) | NA | 0.77 (0.68-0.87)† | NA | 0.71 (0.61-0.83)† | NA |
Worsening renal function§ | NA | 0.89 (0.67-1.19) | 1.28 (0.64-2.58) | NA | NA | 0.89 (0.78-1.01) | NA | 0.71 (0.27-1.87) | NA |
Renal replacement | NA | 0.87 (0.61-1.24) | 0.91 (0.40-2.07) | NA | NA | 0.75 (0.39-1.44) | NA | NA | NA |
F/U: follow-up, NA: not available, CVD: cardiovascular diseases, eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate, 3-P MACE: 3-point major adverse cardiovascular outcomes, MI: myocardial infarction, CV: cardiovascular, HHF: hospitalization for heart failure, UACR: urine albumin-creatinine ratio, ESRD: end-stage renal disease.
‡ The definition varies according to the trial. LEADER, the new onset of macroalbuminuria or a doubling of the serum creatinine level and an eGFR of ≤45 mL/min/1.73 m2, the need for continuous renal-replacement therapy, or death from renal disease; SUSTAIN 6, new or worsening nephropathy includes persistent macroalbuminuria, persistent doubling of the serum creatinine level and a creatinine clearance of less than 45 mL/min/1.73 m2 of body-surface area, or the need for continuous renal-replacement therapy; REWIND, new macroalbuminuria, a sustained decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate of 30% or more from baseline, or chronic renal replacement therapy; AMPLITUDE-O, new macroalbuminuria, ≥30% increase in UACR, ≥40% decrease in eGFR, or ESRD.